Stray Neutral-to-Earth Voltage (NEV)
Stray NEV Definition
Stray voltage is a small voltage (usually less than 10 volts) that is measured between two points a livestock animal can simultaneously contact. If these points are simultaneously contacted by a livestock animal, a current will flow. The amount of current depends on the voltage and the circuit impedance, which includes the source, contact, and body impedances. Livestock respond to the resulting current flow and not to the applied voltage.
MSU
USDA
- Effects of Electrical Voltage/Current on Farm Animals - Detection and Measurement
- Effects of Electrical Voltage/Current on Farm Animals - Mitigation
- Effects of Electrical Voltage/Current on Farm Animals - Sources of Stray Voltage/Current
- Effects of Electrical Voltage/Current on Farm Animals - Physiological and Behavioral Effects
Cow Behavior
- Michigan Dairy Review - Cow Behavior and Stray Voltage
- Weird Cows Aren't Always Weird
- Behavioral Studies of Dairy Cow Sensitivity to AC and DC Electric Currents
MPSC
- Guide for Conducting a Stray Voltage Evaluation Under the MPSC Stray Voltage Rule
- Rules and Regulations Governing Animal Contact Current Mitigation
- MPSC Stray Volt Data Forms